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Explanation and Causes:

This disease occurs when toxins produced from bacteria become so prevalent in the body, they elicit a massive immune response. When such an immune response takes place, it begins to destroy the bacteria as well as bacteria that we depend on in the gut. This immune response also starts to destroy the tissues of the body on such a scale that the body actually kills itself.

Toxic shock syndrome can be caused by foreign objects, that bring or harbor bacteria that produce the toxins, such as contraceptive sponges, barrier type contraceptives, certain types of tampons, nose packing bandages, and wounds that require surgery.

Symptoms:

Symptoms for toxic shock syndrome can include:

• High fever with chills
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Widespread red rash (sunburn like)
• In 1 to 2 weeks the skin starts to peel
• Confusion
• Seizures and headaches
• Hypertension
• Organ failure such as liver and kidneys
• Sepsis or infection in the blood
• Agitation

Diagnosis and Tests:

• Test for bacterial identification
• Physical
• Pelvic exams
• Vaginal biopsy

Treatment:

The most important thing to remember when treating toxic shock syndrome is to control blood pressure. Depending on the age of the person, hypertension is what will ultimately kill the patient. A physician will assure that any opening in the body, whether it is the vagina, rectum or an open wound, remain clean and sterile. For the most part treatment is of the symptoms. For example, most treatment takes place in the intensive care unit for constant monitoring 1-2 weeks after antibiotic medications have been given. While it is important to keep the body hydrated it also might be necessary to begin dialysis for temporary kidney failure or the use of a respirator if the condition worsens.

Prevention: